locid.h

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// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
// License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
/*
******************************************************************************
*
*   Copyright (C) 1996-2015, International Business Machines
*   Corporation and others.  All Rights Reserved.
*
******************************************************************************
*
* File locid.h
*
* Created by: Helena Shih
*
* Modification History:
*
*   Date        Name        Description
*   02/11/97    aliu        Changed gLocPath to fgLocPath and added methods to
*                           get and set it.
*   04/02/97    aliu        Made operator!= inline; fixed return value of getName().
*   04/15/97    aliu        Cleanup for AIX/Win32.
*   04/24/97    aliu        Numerous changes per code review.
*   08/18/98    stephen     Added tokenizeString(),changed getDisplayName()
*   09/08/98    stephen     Moved definition of kEmptyString for Mac Port
*   11/09/99    weiv        Added const char * getName() const;
*   04/12/00    srl         removing unicodestring api's and cached hash code
*   08/10/01    grhoten     Change the static Locales to accessor functions
******************************************************************************
*/

#ifndef LOCID_H
#define LOCID_H

#include "unicode/utypes.h"

#if U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API

#include <cstdint>
#include <string_view>

#include "unicode/bytestream.h"
#include "unicode/localpointer.h"
#include "unicode/strenum.h"
#include "unicode/stringpiece.h"
#include "unicode/uobject.h"
#include "unicode/putil.h"
#include "unicode/uloc.h"

U_NAMESPACE_BEGIN

// Forward Declarations
void U_CALLCONV locale_available_init(); 
class StringEnumeration;
class UnicodeString;

class U_COMMON_API_CLASS Locale : public UObject {
public:
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getRoot();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getEnglish();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getFrench();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getGerman();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getItalian();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getJapanese();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getKorean();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getChinese();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getSimplifiedChinese();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getTraditionalChinese();

    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getFrance();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getGermany();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getItaly();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getJapan();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getKorea();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getChina();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getPRC();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getTaiwan();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getUK();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getUS();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getCanada();
    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getCanadaFrench();

    U_COMMON_API Locale();

    U_COMMON_API Locale(const char* language,
                        const char* country = nullptr,
                        const char* variant = nullptr,
                        const char* keywordsAndValues = nullptr);

    U_COMMON_API Locale(const Locale& other);

    U_COMMON_API Locale(Locale&& other) noexcept;

    U_COMMON_API virtual ~Locale();

    U_COMMON_API Locale& operator=(const Locale& other);

    U_COMMON_API Locale& operator=(Locale&& other) noexcept;

    U_COMMON_API bool operator==(const Locale& other) const;

    U_COMMON_API inline bool operator!=(const Locale& other) const;

    U_COMMON_API Locale* clone() const;

#ifndef U_HIDE_SYSTEM_API

    U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getDefault();

    U_COMMON_API static void U_EXPORT2 setDefault(const Locale& newLocale, UErrorCode& success);
#endif  /* U_HIDE_SYSTEM_API */

    U_COMMON_API static Locale U_EXPORT2 forLanguageTag(StringPiece tag, UErrorCode& status);

    U_COMMON_API void toLanguageTag(ByteSink& sink, UErrorCode& status) const;

    template<typename StringClass>
    inline StringClass toLanguageTag(UErrorCode& status) const;

    U_COMMON_API static Locale U_EXPORT2 createFromName(const char* name);

#ifndef U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API

    U_COMMON_API static Locale U_EXPORT2 createFromName(StringPiece name);
#endif  /* U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API */

    U_COMMON_API static Locale U_EXPORT2 createCanonical(const char* name);

    U_COMMON_API const char* getLanguage() const;

    U_COMMON_API const char* getScript() const;

    U_COMMON_API const char* getCountry() const;

    U_COMMON_API const char* getVariant() const;

    U_COMMON_API const char* getName() const;

    U_COMMON_API const char* getBaseName() const;

    U_COMMON_API void addLikelySubtags(UErrorCode& status);

    U_COMMON_API void minimizeSubtags(UErrorCode& status);

    U_COMMON_API void canonicalize(UErrorCode& status);

    U_COMMON_API StringEnumeration* createKeywords(UErrorCode& status) const;

    U_COMMON_API StringEnumeration* createUnicodeKeywords(UErrorCode& status) const;

    template<typename StringClass, typename OutputIterator>
    inline void getKeywords(OutputIterator iterator, UErrorCode& status) const;

    template<typename StringClass, typename OutputIterator>
    inline void getUnicodeKeywords(OutputIterator iterator, UErrorCode& status) const;

    U_COMMON_API int32_t getKeywordValue(const char* keywordName,
                                         char* buffer,
                                         int32_t bufferCapacity,
                                         UErrorCode& status) const;

    U_COMMON_API void getKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, ByteSink& sink, UErrorCode& status) const;

    template<typename StringClass>
    inline StringClass getKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, UErrorCode& status) const;

    U_COMMON_API void getUnicodeKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName,
                                             ByteSink& sink,
                                             UErrorCode& status) const;

    template<typename StringClass>
    inline StringClass getUnicodeKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, UErrorCode& status) const;

    U_COMMON_API void setKeywordValue(const char* keywordName,
                                      const char* keywordValue,
                                      UErrorCode& status) {
        setKeywordValue(StringPiece{keywordName}, StringPiece{keywordValue}, status);
    }

    U_COMMON_API void setKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName,
                                      StringPiece keywordValue,
                                      UErrorCode& status);

    U_COMMON_API void setUnicodeKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName,
                                             StringPiece keywordValue,
                                             UErrorCode& status);

    U_COMMON_API const char* getISO3Language() const;

    U_COMMON_API const char* getISO3Country() const;

    U_COMMON_API uint32_t getLCID() const;

    U_COMMON_API UBool isRightToLeft() const;

    U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayLanguage(UnicodeString& dispLang) const;

    U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayLanguage(const Locale& displayLocale,
                                                   UnicodeString& dispLang) const;

    U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayScript(UnicodeString& dispScript) const;

    U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayScript(const Locale& displayLocale,
                                                 UnicodeString& dispScript) const;

    U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayCountry(UnicodeString& dispCountry) const;

    U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayCountry(const Locale& displayLocale,
                                                  UnicodeString& dispCountry) const;

    U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayVariant(UnicodeString& dispVar) const;

    U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayVariant(const Locale& displayLocale,
                                                  UnicodeString& dispVar) const;

    U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayName(UnicodeString& name) const;

    U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayName(const Locale& displayLocale, UnicodeString& name) const;

    U_COMMON_API int32_t hashCode() const;

    U_COMMON_API void setToBogus();

    U_COMMON_API inline UBool isBogus() const;

    U_COMMON_API static const Locale* U_EXPORT2 getAvailableLocales(int32_t& count);

    U_COMMON_API static const char* const* U_EXPORT2 getISOCountries();

    U_COMMON_API static const char* const* U_EXPORT2 getISOLanguages();

    U_COMMON_API static UClassID U_EXPORT2 getStaticClassID();

    U_COMMON_API virtual UClassID getDynamicClassID() const override;

    class U_COMMON_API Iterator /* not : public UObject because this is an interface/mixin class */ {
    public:
        virtual ~Iterator();

        virtual UBool hasNext() const = 0;

        virtual const Locale &next() = 0;
    };

    template<typename Iter>
    class RangeIterator : public Iterator, public UMemory {
    public:
        RangeIterator(Iter begin, Iter end) : it_(begin), end_(end) {}

        UBool hasNext() const override { return it_ != end_; }

        const Locale &next() override { return *it_++; }

    private:
        Iter it_;
        const Iter end_;
    };

    template<typename Iter, typename Conv>
    class ConvertingIterator : public Iterator, public UMemory {
    public:
        ConvertingIterator(Iter begin, Iter end, Conv converter) :
                it_(begin), end_(end), converter_(converter) {}

        UBool hasNext() const override { return it_ != end_; }

        const Locale &next() override { return converter_(*it_++); }

    private:
        Iter it_;
        const Iter end_;
        Conv converter_;
    };

protected: /* only protected for testing purposes. DO NOT USE. */
#ifndef U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API

    U_COMMON_API void setFromPOSIXID(const char* posixID);
    U_COMMON_API void minimizeSubtags(bool favorScript, UErrorCode& status);
#endif  /* U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API */

private:
    Locale& init(const char* localeID, UBool canonicalize);
    Locale& init(StringPiece localeID, UBool canonicalize);

    /*
     * Internal constructor to allow construction of a locale object with
     *   NO side effects.   (Default constructor tries to get
     *   the default locale.)
     */
    enum ELocaleType : uint8_t {
        eBOGUS,
        eNEST,
        eHEAP,
    };
    Locale(ELocaleType);

    static Locale* getLocaleCache();

    union Payload;
    struct Nest;
    struct Heap;

    struct Nest {
        static constexpr size_t SIZE = 32;

        ELocaleType type = eNEST;
        char language[4];
        char script[5];
        char region[4];
        uint8_t variantBegin;
        char baseName[SIZE -
                      sizeof type -
                      sizeof language -
                      sizeof script -
                      sizeof region -
                      sizeof variantBegin];

        const char* getLanguage() const { return language; }
        const char* getScript() const { return script; }
        const char* getRegion() const { return region; }
        const char* getVariant() const { return variantBegin == 0 ? "" : getBaseName() + variantBegin; }
        const char* getBaseName() const { return baseName; }

        // Doesn't inherit from UMemory, shouldn't be heap allocated.
        static void* U_EXPORT2 operator new(size_t) noexcept = delete;
        static void* U_EXPORT2 operator new[](size_t) noexcept = delete;

        Nest() : language{'\0'}, script{'\0'}, region{'\0'}, variantBegin{0}, baseName{'\0'} {}

        void init(std::string_view language,
                  std::string_view script,
                  std::string_view region,
                  uint8_t variantBegin);

        static bool fits(int32_t length,
                         std::string_view language,
                         std::string_view script,
                         std::string_view region) {
            return length < static_cast<int32_t>(sizeof Nest::baseName) &&
                   language.size() < sizeof Nest::language &&
                   script.size() < sizeof Nest::script &&
                   region.size() < sizeof Nest::region;
        }

      private:
        friend union Payload;
        Nest(Heap&& heap, uint8_t variantBegin);
    };
    static_assert(sizeof(Nest) == Nest::SIZE);

    struct Heap {
        struct Alloc;

        ELocaleType type;
        char language[ULOC_LANG_CAPACITY];
        char script[ULOC_SCRIPT_CAPACITY];
        char region[ULOC_COUNTRY_CAPACITY];
        Alloc* ptr;

        const char* getLanguage() const { return language; }
        const char* getScript() const { return script; }
        const char* getRegion() const { return region; }
        const char* getVariant() const;
        const char* getFullName() const;
        const char* getBaseName() const;

        // Doesn't inherit from UMemory, shouldn't be heap allocated.
        static void* U_EXPORT2 operator new(size_t) noexcept = delete;
        static void* U_EXPORT2 operator new[](size_t) noexcept = delete;

        Heap(std::string_view language,
             std::string_view script,
             std::string_view region,
             int32_t variantBegin);
        ~Heap();

        Heap& operator=(const Heap& other);
        Heap& operator=(Heap&& other) noexcept;
    };
    static_assert(sizeof(Heap) <= sizeof(Nest));

    union Payload {
      private:
        Nest nest;
        Heap heap;
        ELocaleType type;

        void copy(const Payload& other);
        void move(Payload&& other) noexcept;

      public:
        // Doesn't inherit from UMemory, shouldn't be heap allocated.
        static void* U_EXPORT2 operator new(size_t) noexcept = delete;
        static void* U_EXPORT2 operator new[](size_t) noexcept = delete;

        Payload() : type{eBOGUS} {}
        ~Payload();

        Payload(const Payload& other);
        Payload(Payload&& other) noexcept;

        Payload& operator=(const Payload& other);
        Payload& operator=(Payload&& other) noexcept;

        void setToBogus();
        bool isBogus() const { return type == eBOGUS; }

        template <typename T, typename... Args> T& emplace(Args&&... args);

        template <typename T> T* get();

        template <typename BogusFn, typename NestFn, typename HeapFn, typename... Args>
        auto visit(BogusFn bogusFn, NestFn nestFn, HeapFn heapFn, Args... args) const;
    } payload;

    template <const char* (Nest::*const NEST)() const,
              const char* (Heap::*const HEAP)() const>
    const char* getField() const;

    static const Locale &getLocale(int locid);

    friend Locale *locale_set_default_internal(const char *, UErrorCode& status);

    friend void U_CALLCONV locale_available_init();
};

U_COMMON_API inline bool
Locale::operator!=(const    Locale&     other) const
{
    return !operator==(other);
}

template<typename StringClass> inline StringClass
Locale::toLanguageTag(UErrorCode& status) const
{
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return {}; }
    StringClass result;
    StringByteSink<StringClass> sink(&result);
    toLanguageTag(sink, status);
    return result;
}

template<typename StringClass, typename OutputIterator> inline void
Locale::getKeywords(OutputIterator iterator, UErrorCode& status) const
{
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return; }
    LocalPointer<StringEnumeration> keys(createKeywords(status));
    if (U_FAILURE(status) || keys.isNull()) {
        return;
    }
    for (;;) {
        int32_t resultLength;
        const char* buffer = keys->next(&resultLength, status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status) || buffer == nullptr) {
            return;
        }
        *iterator++ = StringClass(buffer, resultLength);
    }
}

template<typename StringClass, typename OutputIterator> inline void
Locale::getUnicodeKeywords(OutputIterator iterator, UErrorCode& status) const
{
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return; }
    LocalPointer<StringEnumeration> keys(createUnicodeKeywords(status));
    if (U_FAILURE(status) || keys.isNull()) {
        return;
    }
    for (;;) {
        int32_t resultLength;
        const char* buffer = keys->next(&resultLength, status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status) || buffer == nullptr) {
            return;
        }
        *iterator++ = StringClass(buffer, resultLength);
    }
}

template<typename StringClass> inline StringClass
Locale::getKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, UErrorCode& status) const
{
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return {}; }
    StringClass result;
    StringByteSink<StringClass> sink(&result);
    getKeywordValue(keywordName, sink, status);
    return result;
}

template<typename StringClass> inline StringClass
Locale::getUnicodeKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, UErrorCode& status) const
{
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return {}; }
    StringClass result;
    StringByteSink<StringClass> sink(&result);
    getUnicodeKeywordValue(keywordName, sink, status);
    return result;
}

U_COMMON_API inline UBool
Locale::isBogus() const {
    return payload.isBogus();
}

U_NAMESPACE_END

#endif /* U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API */

#endif